linux time 命令的输出中 real user sys 含义

引用

核心态（Kernel Mode）：

在核心态，代码拥有完全的、不受任何限制的访问底层硬件的能力。可以执行任意的CPU指令，访问任意的内存地址。内核态通常情况下，都是为那些最底层的，由操作系统提供的，可信可靠的代码来运行的。内核态的代码崩溃将是灾难性的，它会影响到整个系统。

  —– In Kernel mode, the executing code has complete and unrestricted access to the underlying hardware. It can execute any CPU instruction and reference any memory address. Kernel mode is generally reserved for the lowest-level, most trusted functions of the operating system. Crashes in kernel mode are catastrophic; they will halt the entire PC.

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用户态（User Mode）：

在用户态，代码不具备直接访问硬件或者访问内存的能力，而必须借助操作系统提供的可靠的，底层的APIs来访问硬件或者内存。由于这种隔离带来的保护作用，用户态的代码崩溃（Crash），系统是可以恢复的。我们大多数的代码都是运行在用户态的。
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—– In User mode, the executing code has no ability to directly access hardware or reference memory. Code running in user mode must delegate to system APIs to access hardware or memory. Due to the protection afforded by this sort of isolation, crashes in user mode are always recoverable. Most of the code running on your computer will execute in user mode.